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CVE-2023-22515 is Vulnerability in confluence Server and confluence data center, which allow for unauthorized access. Improper input validation issue allowing arbitrary HTTP parameter to be translated into getter/setter sequence via the Xworks2 middleware.

A memory leak is when a program reserves memory and the reference to the item holding the memory is lost. Therefore, the program consuming the memory cannot release it back to the OS to be reallocated. Memory leak can occurs when programmers create a memory in a heap and forget to delete it.

CVE-2023-42793 allow an unauthenticated malicious actor to execute arbitrary code on the TeamCity server prior to 2023.05.4. The exploitation of this CVE resulted in code execution with elevated privileges.

Assembly language is a low-level language that can write instruction the processors can understand. By using Assembly, developers can write human-readable machine instruction, which are then assembled into machine code, so that the processor can directly run them.

SQL injection (SQLi) refers to an injection attack wherein an attacker can execute malicious SQL statements that control a web application's database server.This allows an attacker to interfere with the queries that an application makes to its database. This can allow an attacker to view data that they are not normally able to retrieve.